Financial Detective Free Essays

Company A is most likely Johnson Johnson, while company B is probably Pfizer. The reading mentions that they have a large over-the-counter section which would make sense considering Johnson Johnson are known for their over-the-counter pharmaceuticals. Company B is probably Pfizer because they are known for high research and development costs and offering various prescription drugs. We will write a custom essay sample on Financial Detective or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Beta for Pfizer is .85, and as a measure of volatile risk this makes sense because of high research and development costs for new pharmaceutical drugs. I believe that Company C is Paragraph 1, which is  Anheuser-Busch. This would fit the description that the firm owns â€Å"a number of beer related businesses, such as snack and aluminum container manufacturing and several major theme parks.† Company D is paragraph 2 and it is uncertain which firm this it. It is definitely most likely a smaller IPO style type of Brewery which can be reflected in 16 on net fixed assets. Paragraph 2 is most likely Company E. This company is most likely Apple because they mention a compelling founder which might very well be Steve Jobs. Also, the net profit margin and turn over ratio are very high which would accurately reflect Apple’s recent success. Company F is most likely the first paragraph and probably Dell Corporation. This is because of â€Å"built-to-order† PCs, which sounds like Dells business strategy. This strategy also allows Dell to have a high inventory turnover and keep smaller amount of inventories on hand. Paragraph two is most likely Company G which is probably Amazon.com. Amazon.com became profitable in 2004 and because this assignment was created in 2005 it makes sense when it says â€Å"The firm has only recently become profitable.† Company H is most likely paragraph 1 and probably Barnes and noble. This is because Barnes and Noble would need more inventories on hand which would go hand-in-hand with the large inventory percentage. Company I is most likely paragraph 2 which may refer to Wausau Paper. Wausau paper seems to be describes when they say â€Å"The other firm is a small producer of printing, writing, and technical specialty papers, as well as towel and tissue products.† Company J is Paragraph 1, which I believe is Weyerhaeuser Company Limited, because Weyerhaeuser fits the description of â€Å"One company is the world’s largest maker of paper, paperboard, and packaging.† They are also one of the largest private owners of timberland in the world which could be the reason why they have large current asset and net fixed asset ratio. Company K is most likely paragraph 1. Because it is less specialized, it would have a smaller Gross profit margin that paragraph 2. Also, it would have higher liabilities at 71.8 compared to 51.5 for paragraph 2. Company L is most likely paragraph 2 because the lower liabilities and higher gross profit margin are indicative of a company that is more specialized. I believe that company M is paragraph 1, which is Costco. Costco fits the description of â€Å"The company is known for its low prices, breadth of merchandise, and volume-oriented strategy.† Net fixed assets would be substantial, as indicated by the data at 57% because  of its large and expanding network of distribution centers and stores. I believe company N is the second paragraph and is the company Target. Target fits the description of an upscale discount chain. Target issues credit to qualified customers, which could explain the 17% of total assets. I believe Company O is the second Paragraph, which is Lee Enterprises. Intangibles make up a large percentage of total assets, which would explain the significant amount of goodwill. The company also has low SGA expenses which is probably because of its decentralization policy. I believe paragraph one is Company P, which is the New York Times. The companies’ high SGA expenses are indicative of how it’s a diversified media company and does business around the world. Analysis Health Products Company A is most likely Johnson Johnson, while company B is probably Pfizer. The reading mentions that they have a large over-the-counter section which would make sense considering Johnson Johnson are known for their over-the-counter pharmaceuticals. They are shipped around the world to many distributors in massive quantities. The cost of goods for Johnson and Johnson 23.9 which is significantly larger than Pfizers. This could be because Johnson and Johnson makes many different products and they are made of numerous constituents. Johnson Johnson manufactures large amounts of goods that they know they’re going to turnover because people are going to purchase them quicker and there is a steady and consistent demand for them. This would make the turnover ratio for Johnson and Johnson 3.08 make sense compared to the lesser turnover ratio of .93 for Pfizer. Johnson and Johnson would also more likely have more manufacturing facilities because of their diverse array of goods. Also unlike Pfizer, Johnson Johnson did not get rid of a large part of their non-pharmaceutical goods, so it would make sense that the net fixed assets are larger with Johnson and Johnson Company B Company B is probably Pfizer because they are known for high research and  development costs and offering various prescription drugs. The Beta for Pfizer is .85, and as a measure of volatile risk this makes sense because of high research and development costs for new pharmaceutical drugs. Also Pfizer would have high intangibles at 46% of assets due to the aforementioned large research and development budget. Pfizer is not very liquid which would give it a low current assets ratio. It does not have much cash because the budget is put into RD. Because high research and development is spent on research and development, the price of pharmaceuticals are high. However, Pfizer’s actual production isn’t very expensive which would make Pfizer’s cost of goods sold low relative to the Johnson Johnson. High Research and development would also cause high amounts of debt incurred and the total debt to total assets ratio would also be higher. Beer Company C I believe that Company C is Paragraph 1, which is Anheuser-Busch. This would fit the description that the firm owns â€Å"a number of beer related businesses, such as snack and aluminum container manufacturing and several major theme parks.† This would also account for the large percentage of fixed assets which is nearly 54.7 percent. Also their cost of goods sold would be higher at 53.9, than the other company because of the expensive marketing implementation strategies Anheuser-Busch has. Company D Company D is paragraph 2 and it is uncertain which firm this it. It is definitely most likely a smaller IPO style type of Brewery which can be reflected in 16 on net fixed assets. Also they have much fewer liabilities at .7 (compared to 9.5 for Anheuser) because they are smaller and have less things to pay out. Computers Company E Paragraph 2 is most likely Company E. This company is most likely Apple because they mention a compelling founder which might very well be Steve Jobs. Also, the net profit margin and turn over ratio are very high which would accurately reflect Apple’s recent success. Also, the retail strategy described as â€Å"aggressive† and â€Å"meant to drive traffic through its stores and to expand its installed base of customers by showcasing its products in a user-friendly retail atmosphere† seems like it is very Apple-esque. Company F is most likely the first paragraph and probably Dell Corporation. This is because of â€Å"built-to-order† PCs, which sounds like Dells business strategy. This strategy also allows Dell to have a high inventory turnover and keep smaller amount of inventories on hand. In turn, this style of business should technically speaking allow for more liquid. Dell would also possess high liquidity which would reflect the current and quick ratios to be high as seen on the Common-Sized Financial Data and Ratios chart. Books and Music Company G Paragraph two is most likely Company G which is probably Amazon.com. Amazon.com became profitable in 2004 and because this assignment was created in 2005 it makes sense when it says â€Å"The firm has only recently become profitable.† Usually online manufacturers have high-turnover ratios to compensate for enhanced competition in the marketplace, which would make sense as to why Company G’s asset turnover is low. Also inventory should be relatively low because they are an online company and everything is ordered and shipped in a relatively quick fashion. Because they don’t actually manufacture anything (except the kindle) and they’re competitive edge is extremely low pricing, they probably have low profit margins, as the data indicates. The high debt to asset ratio of 59.94 is also indicative of a company that is highly leveraged. As aforementioned, Amazon just recently became profitable, and they borrowed a lot to repay for facilities and other expenses. Do to limited income they did incur a lot of debt so this would make sense. Company H Company H is most likely paragraph 1 and probably Barnes and noble. This is because Barnes and Noble would need more inventories on hand which would go  hand-in-hand with the large inventory percentage. They need a lot of books in stock and more on hand in the stores and warehouses than an online retailer would need. Also the low profit margin is indicative of a company like Barnes and Noble because they pay full price on shipping and storage costs since they are a standard retailer, thus minimizing profits. Paper Products Company I Company I is most likely paragraph 2 which may refer to Wausau Paper. Wausau paper seems to be describes when they say â€Å"The other firm is a small producer of printing, writing, and technical specialty papers, as well as towel and tissue products.† Wausau being a smaller company would have much lower inventories percentage than company J, which is indicated by the data. Also Wausau owns very little timberland which causes them to purchase their wood fiber on the open market. This could explain why they have a lower fixed asset percentage. Because their wood is purchased on the open market, they would have higher long-term debt and liabilities. Company J Company J is Paragraph 1, which I believe is Weyerhaeuser Company Limited, because Weyerhaeuser fits the description of â€Å"One company is the world’s largest maker of paper, paperboard, and packaging.† They are also one of the largest private owners of timberland in the world which could be the reason why they have large current asset and net fixed asset ratio. Also, a company like Weyerhaeuser would have a large amount of fixed assets indicated by the large fixed asset ratio, because of substantial timberland ownership. Also, because they are a huge firm, and have a lot of paper products on hand, it makes sense that they have a large amount of current assets. Tools Company K is most likely paragraph 1. Because it is less specialized, it would have a smaller Gross profit margin that paragraph 2. Also, it would have higher liabilities at 71.8 compared to 51.5 for paragraph 2. Company L is most likely paragraph 2 because the lower liabilities and higher gross profit margin are indicative of a company that is more specialized. Retailers Company M I believe that company M is paragraph 1, which is Costco. Costco fits the description of â€Å"The company is known for its low prices, breadth of merchandise, and volume-oriented strategy.† Net fixed assets would be substantial, as indicated by the data at 57% because of its large and expanding network of distribution centers and stores. Because the company has a volume oriented strategy, with large quantities of stock and customers, it would have a larger turnover of 7.69 comparative to the company in paragraph 2, which has a turnover ratio of 5.86. Many customers pay with credit at Costco, with members paying with their Costco card, which would explain the very high Receivables turnover at 192.73. Because Costco is focused on Mass selling they also have a low quick ratio of .17. Company N I believe company N is the second paragraph and is the company Target. Target fits the description of an upscale discount chain. Target issues credit to qualified customers, which could explain the 17% of total assets. Target comparative to Costco has a higher current assets ratio, which is 1.69. This is because Target has many current assets to cover its current liabilities. Newspapers Company O I believe Company O is the second Paragraph, which is Lee Enterprises. Intangibles make up a large percentage of total assets, which would explain the significant amount of goodwill. The company also has low SGA expenses which is probably because of its decentralization policy. Local branches also allow for personal connections with their customers, which would give it a higher turnover rate. Small town newspapers don’t have much competition, and therefore don’t have to lower their prices or spend a lot on marketing. Therefore, the company’s net profit margin would be relatively high. Company P I believe paragraph one is Company P, which is the New York Times. The companies’ high SGA expenses are indicative of how it’s a diversified media company and does business around the world. The New York Times has a lot of competition and therefore has to keep prices low. This is shown in the relatively lower net profit margin. Also, The New York Times constructed new headquarters in 2005 which is shown on the financials through the high percentage of net fixed assets on the common-sized balance sheet. How to cite Financial Detective, Papers Financial Detective Free Essays professional users and sells them through its own technical representatives and mobile franchise dealers. The global manufacturer would be company L because they would have higher selling, general and administrative costs, in this case 38. 9 compared to 24. We will write a custom essay sample on Financial Detective or any similar topic only for you Order Now 8. The company with the specialized tools from mobile franchise would have higher cost of goods sold, in this case 61. 0 compared to 51. 6. Retail Both companies are large discount retailers. One company carries a wide variety of nationally advertised general merchandise. The other company is a rapidly growing chain of upscale discount stores and has partnerships with several leading designers. The company with partnerships with the designers is company M because it has intangibles of 9. 0 compared to the general merchandise discount company which has intangibles of 0. 6 making it company N. Newspapers One company is a diversified media company that generates most of its revenues through newspaper sales around the country and around the world. The other company owns a number of newspapers in small communities and this company has significant goodwill on its balance sheet. Company O is the company that owns a number of newspapers as they have intangibles of 76,8 compared to company P, which is the world newspaper company and has intangibles of 37. 1. Health ProductsBeer ABCD Accounts Payable9. 82. 2Stockholders’ Equity16. 572. 9 Inventory turnover3. 080. 93Current Assets11. 281. 7 Intangibles22. 246. 1Cost of Good Sold53. 938. 5 SG expense44. 546. 7Cash ST investments1. 455. 6 SG expense17. 350. ComputersBooks Music EFGH SG expense9. 723. 1SG expense16. 921. 8 Intangible Assets01. 2Depreciation1. 13. 7 Inventory21. 3Inventory14. 838. 6 Accounts Payable38. 318Cash ST Investments54. 816. 2 Current Liabilities60. 933. 3Quick Ratio00. 46 Inventory Turnover13. 562. 42 PaperTools IJKL Intangibles14. 61. 9SG Expense3948. 4 Cost of Goods Sold6151. 6 Receivables Turnover18. 923. 7 RetailNewspaper MNOP Intangibles90. 6Intan gibles76. 837. 1 Receivables Turnover24. 516. 7SG Expense2339. 7 Net Fixed Assets14. 134. 6 Stockholders’ Equity62. 535. 5 How to cite Financial Detective, Essay examples

Access Extra Support or Services to Enable Individuals to Communicate Effectively Essay Sample free essay sample

There will be times when excess support is needed to hold meaningful communicating with a kid or and grownup to run into their demands of affectional communicating. In Hounslow we have great support services to back up kids and grownups with communicating jobs. Children centres in Hounslow support households and can direct households to other agency’s In my country of Feltham we have Alf Kings which parents can go to bead Immigration and Naturalization Services. staff at children’s Centres can convey support into the Centre to back up households. Translation and interpretation services can be brought into the Centre. many paperss in Hounslow are printed in a figure of different linguistic communications to besides assist households. Contemplations have bead Immigration and Naturalization Services on a Thursday afternoon for hearing and ocular impaired kids. Friday Group at Belvadere House is unfastened to childminders and we can hold support from the early old ages squad at that place. Support ServicessHounslow has a broad scope of Central Support Services that form an built-in portion of the instruction proviso in the Borough. As a diverse borough with kids and parents with many different educational demands Hounslow’s instruction Services purpose to provide for pupil’s single and specialist development in their learning attainment. every bit good as supplying support and advice for learning staff in schools. These services consist of specializer experienced teaching staff and LA officers who work collaboratively in a scope of ways. both in-school and on an single degree. For more information on each service please chink on the links below: Teacher’s Support Services ( TSS )Drawn-out SchoolsEducational Psychology ServiceHounslow Traveller Education ServiceHounslow Music Service The Teacher’s Support Services ( TSS )The TSS purposes to back up the inclusion of students with particular educational demands and enable entree to larning chances. The service consists of six specialist squads offering a broad scope of expertness. support and advice to early old ages scenes. schools. parents. governors and the LEA on all facets of inclusion and particular educational demands. The Behaviour Support Team ( BST ) The BST works collaboratively with schools to develop an inclusive attack for the direction of students sing emotional and behavioral troubles. They work closely with schools and other bureaus to better whole-school behaviour direction systems and to supply single and group support for students and parents. Early Old ages Team ( EYT )The Early Years Team supports staff and SEN kids in Early Old ages scenes. The squad consists of Specialist Nursery Teachers. Area Special Educational Needs Co-Coordinators ( SENCOs ) and an Early Old ages Adviser for Social. Communication and Behavioural Difficulties. These members of staff work together and with schools and parents utilizing resources and individualized programmes to back up kids and assist them accomplish successful larning results. Hearing Impairment Team ( HIT )HIT advise on all degrees and types of hearing loss and on kids who may hold a hearing trouble. The Team works with schools staff. parents and kids every bit good as professionals from other Education and Health bureaus. Learning Support Team ( LST )The LST works with schools to advance the successful inclusion of all students sing troubles with acquisition. The squad offers support. advice and INSET on appraisal. the planning of effectual programmes. course of study distinction and the usage of appropriate resources. Physical Disability Team ( PDT )The PDT offers a back uping function to schools in the inclusion of students with a physical disablement and/or medical status and those students with all right or gross motor accomplishments troubles. The squad can supply information on diagnosing. educational deductions and schoolroom direction. Ocular Impairment Team ( VIT )The Visual Impairment Team consists of instructors specially qualified to work with kids who have a ocular damage For more information about any of the squads within the Teacher’s Support Service delight visit World Wide Web. hvec. org. uk or contact Hounslow Education Centre on 020 8583 4189. Drawn-out SchoolsAn Drawn-out School is one that provides a scope of services and activities during and beyond the school twenty-four hours to assist run into the demands and wants of its students. households and the local community. Children’s Centres are portion of the wider Extended Schools Vision. They aim to supply high quality instruction and child care in the Early Old ages and excessively support households with really immature kids. Family and Community TeamThe Family and Community Team offers a scope of support to schools to heighten acquisition and the elevation of attainment by working in effectual partnership with parents and the community. The squad consists of dedicated instructors and officers and works with cardinal sites in order to develop a community Centre attack to larning. To happen our more about Extended Schools or the Family and Community Team delight visit World Wide Web. hvec. org. uk or reach the Hounslow Early Years Development and Childcare Partnership at World Wide Web. heydcp. org. United Kingdom Educational Psychology Service ( EPS )Hounslow’s Educational Psychology Service works with schools to supply psychological audiences and advice on both an person and organizational degree. The service consists of qualified experient instructors with recognized preparation in Educational Psychology. The EPS is able to develop Individual Education Plans and put realistic marks for students whilst assisting to be after and implement school undertakings and policies. The Service can assist with concerns about a child’s development and acquisition that may affect behavior. literacy. numeracy. sensory or other troubles. The EPS works with the school’s Special Educational Needs Coordinators ( SENCOs ) where appropriate and besides with parents and learning staff to help the kid in their acquisition attainment and development. For more information about The Educational Psychology Service delight name 020 8583 2800. Hounslow Traveller Education ServiceThe Hounslow Traveller Education Service exists to function the educational demands of all Traveller students who live in or come into Hounslow. Traveller households from many different cultural backgrounds have been present and frequent in the borough for several coevalss. The DfES have defined those included in this group and the service is jointly funded under the Traveller Achievement Grant from the Standards Fund and the London Borough of Hounslow. The Team consists of learning staff who carry out in-service work in schools. appraisal and proviso for the demands of Traveller students. supported distance-learning work programmes and affair with schools refering absence and support. Hounslow’s policy on Traveller Education is an built-in portion of the borough’s policy on Race Equality and Cultural Diversity. It is informed by national statute law and guidelines published by the DfES and school policy and pattern should reflect the demands of Traveller students. Schools may empower Traveller pupil’s absence when they are satisfied that the household migrates with every purpose of returning. Where Traveller students are registered at a school and known to be present but non attending school. absences should be investigated in the same manner as any other student. Students who do migrate to other countries can go involved in distance acquisition programmes through the Service to guarantee their learning attainment and instruction continues in line with the course of study. For more information about Hounslow Traveller Service delight visit World Wide Web. hvec. org. uk or name 020 8583 4185/6. Hounslow Music ServiceHounslow Music Service is committed to run intoing the musical demands of the immature people of the Borough. It provides instrumental and vocal lessons to over 2500 students hebdomadally in single and little group lessons. For the developing kid. music has a broad scope of benefits. Learning an instrument has been shown to better concentration. co-ordination. assurance and communicating accomplishments. Research suggests that is stimulates the whole acquisition procedure ensuing in the kid achieving higher Markss in a scope of other topics. The Music Service offer tuition at all degrees of vocal. orchestral. set and a wider scope of other instruments. Lessons are taught at primary or secondary schools and besides at The Specialist Music School located at The Green School. Isleworth. For more information about Hounslow Music Service delight visit hypertext transfer protocol: //www. hvec. org. uk/HMS/ call 020 8583 2970 or e-mail [ electronic mail protected ]/*

Introduction to Sexuality Studies for Health Policy-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theIntroduction to Sexuality Studies for Health Policy. Answer: Lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals (LGBs) people are divided into various parts according to their characteristics such as age, gender, culture, race, caste, income, and residential status. Even being considerably different from each other, most LGB people face similar stressful circumstances throughout the world, such as discrimination, humiliation, rejection, prejudice, and violence (Jetten et al. 2001). This essay will examine various stressors meet by LGB people over the world due to their sexuality. The essay will analyse two readings, first by Ilan H. Meyer Mary E. Northridge (2007), 242-267, called The health of sexual minorities: Public health perspectives on lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender populations. The second reading is by Meredith J. Greif F. Nii-Amoo Dodoo (2015), 57-66, called How community physical, structural, and social stressors relate to mental health in the urban slums of Accra, Ghana. The key issues of these reading are relating to the stress faced by LG B people due to their sexuality and its impact on their mental health. Further, the essay will analyse the use of sexuality as a primary analytical category and the psychological problems faced by homosexuals, such as impaired self-image and dissatisfaction with their sexuality, because they are treated with denigration or contempt. According to Meyer Northridge (2007), the LGB people are more likely to suffer mental stress which leads to affective disorders, substance use, and suicide. The developing countries are facing challenges relating to urban health; much research has suggested that poor communities in developing countries are suffering from diseases such as diabetes, respiratory illness, and premature death. Depression is one of the primary contributors to increasing illness in between impoverished communities worldwide (Bird et al. 2010). Further, the issues are relating to use of sexuality as a central analytical category. The essay will provide various arguments regarding cultural sensitivity for different sexuality perspective and discuss the ethical values and cultural competence required for a productive global citizen. The reason for using sexuality as an analytical category is because there is lack of government policies to protect homosexual peoples from prejudice and mental problems. Meyer Northridge (2007) provided in his study that there are particular individualities of minority identity that may be influenced by the stress factors and health outcomes. The minority identities might relate to the mental health caused due to interaction with different stressors. The study suggested that substantial commitment to gay character may increase the influence of stressor which is connected with homosexuality. Meyer Northridge (2007) divided the personality into three parts and provided the individual impact of stressors. The prominence identify may exacerbate the level of homosexuality stress because they are significantly committed towards their status; it augments the effects of the stressor. The valences identities are focused more on self-validation, negative valence are vulnerable towards mental health issues. As per Meyer Dean (1998), while suffering from anti-gay violence issues, positive valence gay men fared better than negative valence gay men. Integration of identity means a combination of different minority identities, as per the research of Crawford et al. (2002); the integration type of personality is related to high positive effects. Meyer (2002) suggested LGB minority stress model which combined the factors regarding stress discussed in this study, the essential parts of this model are coping, genetic backgrounds, personalities, and appraisals. The model provides that minority stress processes include prejudice events against sexualities, the expectancy of denial discrimination, internalised homophobia, and various other stress-ameliorating factors. As per Greif Dodoo (2015), in the case of poor communities in developing countries, there are several urban contexts which adversely influence the mental health of minorities. The elements such as disorder in the city, social conditions, substance abuse, and depression are the critical factors in mental illness of poor community peoples. The result of Greif Dodoo (2015) study provided that people suffered powerlessness more than depression, the issues of people include poverty, unemployment, and poor sanitation. The healthcare policies established by the governmen t did not provide proper remedies relating to depression of poor communities. According to Williamson (2000), these factors influence the mental health of LGB people because there is lack of government disciplinary procedures against the issue. The LGB people face discrimination and prejudice throughout their life, the study of Meyer Northridge (2007) provided that LGB is more likely to suffer from a prejudice event as compared to heterosexual peoples, such as firing from job, discrimination and violate due to their sexuality. Most of the ethical communities did not accept LGB people, and there is lack of government regulations for their protections. These factors adversely affect the mental health of LGB people while leading to higher suicide and psychological problems rates. For increasing the development in urban countries, the government overlooks the health of poor communities. Stafford et al. (2008) depicted that the minorities in metropolitan cities suffer from health, employment, and poverty issues. The rate of depression is considerably high in such developing countries which show the requirement of improved government regulations. The requirement of sexuality as a primary analytical category is significantly useful for this period. As per Mirowsky Ross (1989), the sexuality of people has been a matter of controversies throughout the history. In past few decades, many countries have accepted the sexuality regulations of peoples because of liberal protest conducted by peoples. But, the LGB community still faces various discriminations and prejudice in the society. Most ethnic communities did not accept the homosexuality regulations, and they openly protest against such laws. Crocker Major (1989) provided that only a few developing countries have recognized the right of LGB peoples, and there is still a requirement for global implementation of sexuality regulations. Most of the countries still considered homosexuality as a crime and the LGB people face horrible behaviour from people of such nations. The government should pass rules regarding the protection of LGB peoples, to provide them better opportunities in the society. The government should determine the extent up to which the sexuality as an analytical category should be applied. As a perspective from homosexual people, they suffer challenges while getting a job, higher education, marriage, loans and much more. The analytical category should be used to provide them benefits in employment, education, and marriage. Equal opportunities and better social conditions should be provided to LGB peoples, which can be achieved by dividing them into the analytical category. Better opportunities can improve the mental states of the homosexual peoples (Operario Fiske 2001). In case of developing countries, the requirement of sexuality as an analytical category is significantly essential because most of the homosexual people there suffer from poverty, diseases, depression, discrimination, and mental health issues. As a global citizen, it is necessary that people understand the problems face by LGB community throughout the world and support them. The awareness regarding the right of LGB people is growing every day; many new regulations are introducing by the government to protect their rights. As per DEmilio (1983), a cross-cultural competency should be established to welcome the LGB people into societies, as a global citizen, it is the responsibility of peoples to implement such policy efficiently. References Bird, P., Omar, M., Doku, V., Lund, C., Nsereko, J. R., Mwanza, J. (2010). Increasing the priority of mental health in Africa: findings from qualitative research in Ghana, South Africa, Uganda and Zambia.Health policy and planning,26(5), 357-365. Crawford, I., Allison, K. W., Zamboni, B. D., Soto, T. (2002). The influence of dual?identity development on the psychosocial functioning of African?American gay and bisexual men.Journal of sex research,39(3), 179-189. Crocker, J., Major, B. (1989). Social stigma and self-esteem: The self-protective properties of stigma.Psychological review,96(4), 608. DEmilio, J. (1983). Sexual politics, sexual communities: the making of a homosexual minority in the United States, 19401970. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Greif, M. J., Dodoo, F. N. A. (2015). How community physical, structural, and social stressors relate to mental health in the urban slums of Accra, Ghana.Health place,33, 57-66. Jetten, J., Branscombe, N. R., Schmitt, M. T., Spears, R. (2001). Rebels with a cause: Group identification as a response to perceived discrimination from the mainstream.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,27(9), 1204-1213. Meyer, I. H., Dean, L. (1998). Internalized homophobia, intimacy, and sexual behavior among gay and bisexual men.Psychological perspectives on lesbian and gay issues,4, 160-186. Meyer, I. H., Northridge, M. E. (Eds.). (2007).The health of sexual minorities: Public health perspectives on lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender populations. Springer Science Business Media. Mirowsky, J., and Ross, C.E. (1989) Social causes of psychological distress. Aldine De Gruyter, Hawthorne, NY. Operario, D., Fiske, S. T. (2001). Ethnic identity moderates perceptions of prejudice: Judgments of personal versus group discrimination and subtle versus blatant bias.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,27(5), 550-561. Stafford, M., De Silva, M., Stansfeld, S., Marmot, M. (2008). Neighbourhood social capital and common mental disorder: testing the link in a general population sample.Health place,14(3), 394-405. Williamson, I. R. (2000). Internalized homophobia and health issues affecting lesbians and gay men.Health education research,15(1), 97-107.

Behavior Modification Essay Example

Behavior Modification Essay Example Behavior Modification Essay Behavior Modification Essay Behavior Modification BY db80 Exercising Behavior Modification Part 1: Identify Target Behavior (2 pt) a. What behavior are you going to attempt to modify? Target Behavior:_Amount of exercise each day. Part 2: Baseline (14 pts Total) Create a spreadsheet (i. e. table in excel) to document your baseline target behavior. Spreadsheet should include the following items: a. When does the behavior (remember thoughts are behavior) occur (time of day? day of week? weekends vs weekdays? )? (2 pts) See page 9. b. When the behavior occurs, how long does it endure? (2 pts) See page 9. c. How intense is the behavior (e. g. re you sprinting or Jogging when running)? (2 pts) This category was not always applicable for my observation because many times my behavior was exhibited in thoughts. These thoughts did not have an intensity; therefore, I only recorded intensity during my work out. d. Frequency of the behavior: Is the behavior occurring per hour, per day, per week, per year (select the single most meaningful period of time). (2 pts) I left this part of my spreadsheet blank because my goal was to have the behavior occur more often every week and since it occurred multiple times a day I chose to leave it blank to make the spreadsheet asier to understand. . Where does the behavior occur? (2 pts) f. What was present or occurring 5-10 minutes prior to the behavior? (2 pts) See page 9. g. What was present or occurring within 2-3 minutes after the behavior? (2 pts) See page 9. Part 3: Functional Assessment (19 pts Total) While monitoring the baseline of your target behavior, reflect on the following questions. a. What is the pattern that the behavior displays? (3 pts) The behavior happens more often when I am looking at Instagram. My Instagram contains pictures of fitness and fashion models who strictly control their diet and exercise. It seems that the majority of times I engage in looking at my Instagram, I feel guilty or unsatisfied with my body. I think about fitness soon after I wake up and near the time I am getting ready to sleep. b. Does the location of the behavior have any meaning or purpose? Is the behavior only at home? at school? in the presence of particular persons or objects? )? (3 pts) The behavior happens most frequently at home. The presence of particular persons does not seem to have any affect. c. Is there anything significant about what or who was present around the time of the behavior? 3 pts) The behavior happens when I am reminded of working out. This occurred when I passed the gym and when I see pictures or videos on my phone of people training. d. Describe in very specific behavioral terms what ONE instance of the behavior looks like. Describe it so an actor could display the exact behavior. Relate what was said as well as what was done and with what. Even seemingly insignificant actions could provide a clue for moderating the behavior. (10 pts) One instance when the behavior occurs is when I sit down in class before the class starts. I choose a seat, set all my materials on my desk and then take out my phone to pass the time. I first start browsing through Instagram and track some of the fitness models fitness progress through their photos. I am fully invested in the pictures and do not pay attention to what is going on around me. I start to compare myself to the fitness models I see in the photos and begin to doubt my ability to change my body. The more I look, the guiltier and unsatisfied I feel. I then convince myself that there is no point in living a life so filled with restrictions and turn off my phone. Part 4: Intervention (32 pts Total) Identify potential interventions and select one or several that match the target behavior. . Identify and explain category of target behavior: (2 pts) My target behavior falls in the category of increasing or strengthening an existing behavior. I am already very familiar with exercising and used to be a competitive tennis player who trained six to seven days a week. When I stopped playing tennis competitively, I stopped training. In order to increase my exercise I will need to positively reinforce myself whenever I exercise. reinforcers are positive reinforcers. These will include both social reinforcement and automatic reinforcement. My social reinforcement will be praise that I receive from riends and family. My automatic reinforcement will be how good I feel when I see progress (Miltenberger, 2012). c. Specify the conditions under which reinforcement can be earned: (3 pts) I will earn my social reinforcement when I show my progress pictures to my family and friends every week, it will also come from my trainer when I attend group workouts. My automatic reinforcement will be when I step on the scale or finish a work out. . Apply intervention. Persist with intervention for a minimum of two weeks. e. Create another spreadsheet and continue to collect data throughout the two weeks(10 pts) See page 10. a. When does the behavior (remember thoughts are behavior) occur (time of day? day of week? weekends vs weekdays? )? (2 pts) See page 10. b. When the behavior occurs, how long does it endure? (2 pts) See page 10. my behavior was exhibited in tho ughts. These thoughts did not have an intensity, therefore I only recorded intensity during my work out. d. Frequency of the behavior: Is the behavior occurring per hour, per day, per week, per year (select the single most meaningful period of time). (2 pts) I left this part of my spreadsheet blank because my goal was to have the behavior occur more often every week and since it occurred ultiple times a day I chose to leave it blank to make the spreadsheet easier to understand. e. Where does the behavior occur? (2 pts) See page 10. 10. page 10. Part 5: Evaluating the Intervention (18 pts) a. Graph the baseline and results from intervention. Include 2 graphs. Each graph should include your baseline data and your intervention data. (8 pts) See page 1 1 and 12. b. Evaluate the results and reach conclusions. In each case, elaborate on the elements that worked well and those that did not. Evaluate the stages of the project and identify what was learned about changing the behavior that would be helpful if ou were going to do this project again. (10 pts) The intervention was successful as shown by both spreadsheets and both graphs. The baseline study shows that I spent a large majority of my time thinking about exercising without actually exercising. This seemed to be tied into my continuous following of fitness models on Instagram. The more I looked at the success stories of these women, the more inadequate I felt. I chose to employ positive social reinforcement because it is a strong motivator for me. I knew that self-management would be an issue for me because I tend to strive for eason I chose to have positive social reinforcement, if it is controlled by a person other than me, I am more likely to complete the task to gain the reward. During the intervention, I Joined a group work out that consisted of women who work with my boyfriend. I wanted to give myself the added pressure of the women knowing my boyfriend to help me stay committed to attending the group. The first week of the intervention the graph shows that the second half of the week my exercise time drastically increases. These results coincide with when I start my group sessions. The praise from my partners and my trainer encouraged me to try other forms of exercise on my own. I had the added reinforcement of later being able to tell my trainer that I trained on my own and again receive praise. The spreadsheet for my week one and two of intervention also so a decrease in the amount of time I spend looking at Instagram. I believe that my more positive attitude due to the workouts translated in me wanting to compare myself to radical fitness competitors. However, I did fail to stay committed to keeping progress pictures. This prevented me from receiving the additional reinforcement of self- atisfaction through progress. This failure did not stop me from feeling as if I made progress with my physical fitness. I also ended up relying on my boyfriend for a lot of reinforcement. I asked him how I look and if he sees progress, on an almost daily basis. I did not account for scheduling difficulties and feel that if I had, my intervention would have shown even stronger results. The holidays and family celebrations made training and eating a healthy meal extremely difficult. I also learned that it would have been helpful to document when I had thoughts of how I look and whether those houghts are positive or negative. Another element that I would add if I were to do the project again, is to be more aware of my activity on Instagram. The charts and spreadsheets show a relationship between my body image and the amount of time spent on the social media application. References Beck-Ellsworth, D. (2013). Behavior Modification [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from University of California, San Diego Psyc 154 FA13 Blackboard site. Miltenberger, R. G. (2012). Behavior modification: principles and procedures (5th Ed. ). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.

12 Years a Slave. Solomon Northup

12 Years a Slave. Solomon Northup Free Online Research Papers In 1841, criminals seduced a free black New Yorker named Solomon Northup into slave territory by the promise of a job. There, they illegally sold him as a slave. When he protested to the slave dealer that he was free, the dealer beat him. He would learn not to assert his freedom, but over the next twelve years he attempted to free himself on several occasions, all which failed until the last, successful effort. (1-40) Solomon Northup first tries to escape while on board a ship that was sailing to a New Orleans slave market. Solomon and his two new acquaintances Arthur and Robert, plan to take over the ship and sail north. Solomon, Arthur, and Robert were to hide under another smaller boat that was on deck and to carry out their plan at night. Solomon and Arthur were going to sneak into the captain’s cabin and steal the pistols while Robert stood guard outside the door with a club. Unfortunately, they were unable to carry out their plans because Robert fell ill, and died of smallpox within a few days. (44-46) Next, Solomon was helping to build a cotton press when John Tibeats, who did not like Solomon from past experiences, critiqued everything he did, even though it was right. John Tibeats grew very angry and approached Solomon with a hatchet swearing he will kill him with it. Solomon and John Tibeats struggled a while and eventually Solomon was able to take the hatchet away from him. Then John Tibeats again tried to attack him with a stick and again Solomon was able to take control of the situation. While he struggled with Tibeats, Solomon or â€Å"Platt† considered killing him but then decided that he would severely beaten or maybe even killed as well, because he would be found guilty in the courts. Platt decided to run away to his former master’s house, that of William Ford. While trying to escape, John Tibeats and a pack of dogs chased him all day through the woods and marshes as Solomon ran for his life. Northup finally lost his enemies when we crossed the swamp , because the dogs were no longer able to track his scent over the water. Slaves were not taught how to swim, but growing up a free man, Solomon Northup loved to swim, and that ability saved his life. After days of crossing the wilderness and the swamps, Solomon met a white man and a slave on the road, and received directions from them to William Ford’s plantation. Northup arrived to the Ford’s plantation and they took him in and protected him from John Tibeats, because Ford still owned part of Solomon. If Tibeats were to hurt or kill Northup, Ford would lose his property, Solomon, or his value could drop. A few days later Solomon was rented to Randal Eldret by William Ford to work for him. (98-113) A few weeks later, Solomon Northup attempted to escape by persuading a ship captain to let him hide on board his ship that was headed north. Northup’s ability to play the violin gave him the opportunity to travel to other places and make more money then most other slaves. When Solomon went to Centreville, which is a port city on the Mississippi River, he asked the captain of a steamer to allow him to hide within his freight and sail north with him, and would pay him everything he had. The captain pitied Solomon and wanted to help him, but it was too risky for the captain because if he were caught he could have been killed or put in jail for helping runaway slaves because they are some else’s property, so he denied Northup’s offer. (149-150) Finally, Solomon met his master’s, Edwin Epps, friend Samuel Bass and Solomon finally found someone he could trust and possibly help him escape. Samuel Bass opposed slavery and thought that no man should have the right to own another man because he thought it was morally wrong. Solomon eventually told Samuel Bass his true life story and Bass was appalled by it. He felt bad for Solomon because he disagreed with slavery, so he vowed to help him gain his freedom. Samuel Bass agreed to send letters to Saratoga, which is where Solomon’s family resided, but there was never a response to the letters. A few months later, Bass again was able to get into contact with Solomon and told him that he would be going to Saratoga on his way to Canada, his homeland. Solomon gave him the names of his family and friends and Bass told him he would again send letters for him. A few months after Samuel Bass sent out the letters, Solomon was working in the fields and was approached by two men in a carriage. Solomon realized who they were and knew they were there to grant him his freedom. After proving to the men, the sheriff and Henry Northup, that he was Solomon Northup and he was free, they granted him his freedom. (204-242) Solomon Northup was a free man but was never allowed to admit to it and feared running away because of the consequences. The first time Solomon argued that he was kidnapped and was free, he was almost beaten to death and threatened that if he ever again admitted to that, he would be beaten worse or even killed. That fear that was inflicted into him was the reason Northup never told anyone his real life story. Another reason Solomon never tried to escape north was because every white man in the South had the right to stop and ask him where his freedom papers were, and if he did not have any, then the white man had the right to take him to jail. If a runaway slave was ever found or returned to their master’s, the punishment was almost too harsh to survive. In addition to the fear of being severely punished, most slaves did not know the exact route to the North and to freedom. Solomon experienced both freedom and slavery, and two completely different worlds of them. Northup hated slavery and periodically expresses his negative attitude towards it. Northup describes his first ever beating to the burning pains and agonies of hell. (25) Solomon describes his master, Edwin Epps, coming home intoxicated and whipping slaves for fun and making them play instrument and dance after a hard days work. (136-138) Another incident occurred when Solomon was ordered to beat another slave, which he did at least forty times. Edwin Epps was still not satisfied, but Solomon disobeyed his master and threw down then whip. Edwin Epps picked up the whip and beat her until she no longer moved and was on the edge of dying. After Solomon witnessed the beating, he said â€Å"Thou devil, sooner or later, somewhere in the course of eternal justice, thou shalt answer for this sin!† (197) Not all white men felt the same way towards slavery as did most of Solomon Northupâ₠¬â„¢s masters. Some white men, from the North and South, disagreed with slavery and thought that all slaves should be set free because no man should have the right to own another man and wanted to help free them, like Samuel Bass. Other white men helped free slaves because they felt it was their responsibility toward a son or family member of his family’s former slave, like Henry Northup. Research Papers on 12 Years a Slave. Solomon NorthupCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite Religion19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoTwilight of the UAWCapital PunishmentThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationBringing Democracy to AfricaThe Spring and AutumnArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Hip-Hop is Art

Critically evaluate the evidence suggesting that mTOR inhibitors can Essay

Critically evaluate the evidence suggesting that mTOR inhibitors can help induce tolerance to foreign antigens and discuss the i - Essay Example It integrates the cell signals that give information about the energy status of the cell, nutritional status, mitochondrial potential, oxygen tension, aminoacids, ATP, and growth signals. During nutritional deficiency, the mTOR signaling becomes active and increases the protein synthesis and increases the cell size. If something is lacking inside the cell, then mTOR will decrease the protein synthesis and thus decreases the cell size and there by reduces the energy expenditure of the cell and prevents cell proliferation. The mechanical induced overload-hypertropy is due to the mTOR and their activity is inhibited by the introduction of Rapamycin. (Polunovsky and Houghton, 2010). Immune system consists of many types of regulatory cells. The regulatory cells contribute to the immune tolerance and immune homeostasis through many different mechanisms. The manipulation of these cells therapeutically to improve the transplant tolerance has become the most important field of interest nowada ys. The important subsets of T cells are the CD4 (helper T cells) and CD 8 (Cytotoxic T cells) cells. Of these two types, CD4 T cells are called as regulatory or suppressor T cells. These cells are responsible for the immune toleran ce. (Fernandez 2010). These cells instead of increasing the immune response, decreases it there by enabling the transplant to get adapted to the body. They play an important role in auto immune reaction. The balance between the regulatory and the effector T cells are much necessary for the immune response and also for the controlling of many diseases. The developments of these regulatory cells are mediated by the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling protein. (mTOR protein complex). Rapamycin is isolated from the soil bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus. Rapamycin is commonly used as the immune suppressive drug in the transplant recipients and also found to inhibit the intracellular kinase of mTOR. (Polunovsky and Houghton, 2010). mTOR the check point protein kinase was found to have a major effect on the cell proliferation and growth, it is also found to have many downstream targeting based on phosphorylation of the protein. The major inputs for this protein are obtained from the growth factors and growth hormones such as insulin, IGF-1 and IGF-2 and some extracellular amino acids. (Polunovsky and Houghton, 2010).mTOR can also identify the status of the energy requirements and the redox level of the cell. Considerable progress has been made in understanding the signaling network only after the identification of the mTOR protein kinase. If this pathway is dysregulated in the human system, it leads to certain diseases in the human, most importantly some cancers. So a detailed study about the protein is very important. mTORs are high molecular weight molecules with many conserved structural domains. They contain 2549 amino acids with N-terminal containing 20 tandem HEAT repeats. (Hay and Sonenberg 2004). mTOR contains two protein complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2. mTORC1 is the main upstream centre for growth factors, stress signals and nutrients. They also help to convert the anabolic and catabolic pathways of the cell for the normal functioning. The mTORC1 cell signaling is high associated with the human cancer. The signaling network of the mTOR contains many oncogenes such as EGFR, PDGFR, PI3K, Ras, Raf, S6K1, Akt and tumor suppressors such as PTEN, LKB1, PDCD4, NF1 and REDD1. (Polunovsky

Older parents and younger parents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Older parents and younger parents - Essay Example Arguments for younger parents focus mostly on the biological aspect of motherhood and the aspect of the biological clock is often invoked. A middle path is often more suitable with no norm being set that would miss the whole point of individual freedom. One of the main points that are used against older parents is their inability to handle the cognitive aspects of mental illness when it happens in children. This severely limits their ability to handle instances where their children are affected by mental ailments (Cook, et al.). There are however, advantages of being an older parent. In many cases, older parents have resources of financial and mental kinds that are useful and sometimes even essential for the purpose of parenthood. The stress that one goes through during parenthood can thus be eased to a great extent if one is independent and able to manage one’s finances on one’s own. Older parents are also considered to be more comfortable with each other and hence able to offer a better environment for the child. Older parents would thus not need to compromise on their marital quality so as to have a child (Needham and Umberson 439). This argument is similar to the feminist argument that an older woman would be emot ionally and financially readier for a child. This would also reduce the chances that a parent would suffer of regret that a parent may suffer in relation to his or her career. The feminist argument in this case is stretched to include fathers who are then seen to play an equal part in parenthood and in the development of the child. Older fathers and mothers are then seen to be more mature and hence better for the future of the child. The child is then seen as not a product of merely those factors that are hereditary but also those of nurture. In such a framework, nurture is what is considered, according to this view, more important. Younger parents are sometimes not considered to