Introduction to Sexuality Studies for Health Policy-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theIntroduction to Sexuality Studies for Health Policy. Answer: Lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals (LGBs) people are divided into various parts according to their characteristics such as age, gender, culture, race, caste, income, and residential status. Even being considerably different from each other, most LGB people face similar stressful circumstances throughout the world, such as discrimination, humiliation, rejection, prejudice, and violence (Jetten et al. 2001). This essay will examine various stressors meet by LGB people over the world due to their sexuality. The essay will analyse two readings, first by Ilan H. Meyer Mary E. Northridge (2007), 242-267, called The health of sexual minorities: Public health perspectives on lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender populations. The second reading is by Meredith J. Greif F. Nii-Amoo Dodoo (2015), 57-66, called How community physical, structural, and social stressors relate to mental health in the urban slums of Accra, Ghana. The key issues of these reading are relating to the stress faced by LG B people due to their sexuality and its impact on their mental health. Further, the essay will analyse the use of sexuality as a primary analytical category and the psychological problems faced by homosexuals, such as impaired self-image and dissatisfaction with their sexuality, because they are treated with denigration or contempt. According to Meyer Northridge (2007), the LGB people are more likely to suffer mental stress which leads to affective disorders, substance use, and suicide. The developing countries are facing challenges relating to urban health; much research has suggested that poor communities in developing countries are suffering from diseases such as diabetes, respiratory illness, and premature death. Depression is one of the primary contributors to increasing illness in between impoverished communities worldwide (Bird et al. 2010). Further, the issues are relating to use of sexuality as a central analytical category. The essay will provide various arguments regarding cultural sensitivity for different sexuality perspective and discuss the ethical values and cultural competence required for a productive global citizen. The reason for using sexuality as an analytical category is because there is lack of government policies to protect homosexual peoples from prejudice and mental problems. Meyer Northridge (2007) provided in his study that there are particular individualities of minority identity that may be influenced by the stress factors and health outcomes. The minority identities might relate to the mental health caused due to interaction with different stressors. The study suggested that substantial commitment to gay character may increase the influence of stressor which is connected with homosexuality. Meyer Northridge (2007) divided the personality into three parts and provided the individual impact of stressors. The prominence identify may exacerbate the level of homosexuality stress because they are significantly committed towards their status; it augments the effects of the stressor. The valences identities are focused more on self-validation, negative valence are vulnerable towards mental health issues. As per Meyer Dean (1998), while suffering from anti-gay violence issues, positive valence gay men fared better than negative valence gay men. Integration of identity means a combination of different minority identities, as per the research of Crawford et al. (2002); the integration type of personality is related to high positive effects. Meyer (2002) suggested LGB minority stress model which combined the factors regarding stress discussed in this study, the essential parts of this model are coping, genetic backgrounds, personalities, and appraisals. The model provides that minority stress processes include prejudice events against sexualities, the expectancy of denial discrimination, internalised homophobia, and various other stress-ameliorating factors. As per Greif Dodoo (2015), in the case of poor communities in developing countries, there are several urban contexts which adversely influence the mental health of minorities. The elements such as disorder in the city, social conditions, substance abuse, and depression are the critical factors in mental illness of poor community peoples. The result of Greif Dodoo (2015) study provided that people suffered powerlessness more than depression, the issues of people include poverty, unemployment, and poor sanitation. The healthcare policies established by the governmen t did not provide proper remedies relating to depression of poor communities. According to Williamson (2000), these factors influence the mental health of LGB people because there is lack of government disciplinary procedures against the issue. The LGB people face discrimination and prejudice throughout their life, the study of Meyer Northridge (2007) provided that LGB is more likely to suffer from a prejudice event as compared to heterosexual peoples, such as firing from job, discrimination and violate due to their sexuality. Most of the ethical communities did not accept LGB people, and there is lack of government regulations for their protections. These factors adversely affect the mental health of LGB people while leading to higher suicide and psychological problems rates. For increasing the development in urban countries, the government overlooks the health of poor communities. Stafford et al. (2008) depicted that the minorities in metropolitan cities suffer from health, employment, and poverty issues. The rate of depression is considerably high in such developing countries which show the requirement of improved government regulations. The requirement of sexuality as a primary analytical category is significantly useful for this period. As per Mirowsky Ross (1989), the sexuality of people has been a matter of controversies throughout the history. In past few decades, many countries have accepted the sexuality regulations of peoples because of liberal protest conducted by peoples. But, the LGB community still faces various discriminations and prejudice in the society. Most ethnic communities did not accept the homosexuality regulations, and they openly protest against such laws. Crocker Major (1989) provided that only a few developing countries have recognized the right of LGB peoples, and there is still a requirement for global implementation of sexuality regulations. Most of the countries still considered homosexuality as a crime and the LGB people face horrible behaviour from people of such nations. The government should pass rules regarding the protection of LGB peoples, to provide them better opportunities in the society. The government should determine the extent up to which the sexuality as an analytical category should be applied. As a perspective from homosexual people, they suffer challenges while getting a job, higher education, marriage, loans and much more. The analytical category should be used to provide them benefits in employment, education, and marriage. Equal opportunities and better social conditions should be provided to LGB peoples, which can be achieved by dividing them into the analytical category. Better opportunities can improve the mental states of the homosexual peoples (Operario Fiske 2001). In case of developing countries, the requirement of sexuality as an analytical category is significantly essential because most of the homosexual people there suffer from poverty, diseases, depression, discrimination, and mental health issues. As a global citizen, it is necessary that people understand the problems face by LGB community throughout the world and support them. The awareness regarding the right of LGB people is growing every day; many new regulations are introducing by the government to protect their rights. As per DEmilio (1983), a cross-cultural competency should be established to welcome the LGB people into societies, as a global citizen, it is the responsibility of peoples to implement such policy efficiently. References Bird, P., Omar, M., Doku, V., Lund, C., Nsereko, J. R., Mwanza, J. (2010). Increasing the priority of mental health in Africa: findings from qualitative research in Ghana, South Africa, Uganda and Zambia.Health policy and planning,26(5), 357-365. 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Internalized homophobia, intimacy, and sexual behavior among gay and bisexual men.Psychological perspectives on lesbian and gay issues,4, 160-186. Meyer, I. H., Northridge, M. E. (Eds.). (2007).The health of sexual minorities: Public health perspectives on lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender populations. Springer Science Business Media. Mirowsky, J., and Ross, C.E. (1989) Social causes of psychological distress. Aldine De Gruyter, Hawthorne, NY. Operario, D., Fiske, S. T. (2001). Ethnic identity moderates perceptions of prejudice: Judgments of personal versus group discrimination and subtle versus blatant bias.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,27(5), 550-561. Stafford, M., De Silva, M., Stansfeld, S., Marmot, M. (2008). Neighbourhood social capital and common mental disorder: testing the link in a general population sample.Health place,14(3), 394-405. Williamson, I. R. (2000). Internalized homophobia and health issues affecting lesbians and gay men.Health education research,15(1), 97-107.